Project Lead: Dr. Michael Jensen, PERIL

Status: Planned

Data show that the federal government, through FEMA’s Nonprofit Security Grant Program (NSGP), has allocated over $1 billion since 2022 to support enhancements to the physical hardening of nonprofit organizations assessed to be at high risk of terrorist attacks. Similarly, estimates suggest that U.S. schools spend more than $3 billion annually on physical security equipment and technologies, including access control systems, panic alarms, and AI powered weapons detection devices. The objective of this project is to conduct an analysis of mass casualty plots in the United States, including those that were successful, those that failed while being attempted, and those that were foiled before they could be attempted, to determine the efficacy of different intervention strategies in stopping targeted mass violence.